Ukupakishwa kwegraphite, njengesixhobo sokutywina{0}esiphezulu, sisetyenziswa kakhulu kumzi mveliso wekhemikhali, wepetroleum, wamandla, nowokwenza oomatshini. Ubushushu bayo obuphezulu-nokumelana nokudleka kwayo, kunye neempawu zayo{3}}zokuzithambisa, ziyenza ibe licandelo eliphambili kwiinkqubo zokutywina kwimizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwetywina, ukuvuza, kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda iindlela ezichanekileyo zokusebenzisa ukupakishwa kwegraphite kubalulekile.
1. Ukukhetha kunye nokuNyangwa kwangaphambili kweGraphite Packing
Xa ukhetha ukupakishwa kwegraphite, kubalulekile ukumisela uhlobo olufanelekileyo olusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zokusebenza (ezifana neqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo, kunye ne-corrosiveness media). Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zokupakishwa kwegraphite ziquka igraphite eyandisiweyo kunye negraphite efakwe ngaphakathi (efana ne-resin, isinyithi, okanye i-polytetrafluoroethylene). Kubushushu obuphezulu-kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu{3}kummandla woxinzelelo,{4}}ucoceko oluphezulu olwandisiweyo lwegraphite okanye isinyithi{5}}igraphite efakiweyo iyanconywa ukomeleza amandla ayo omatshini kunye nokungena.
Ukupakishwa kwegraphite kufuneka kulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Okokuqala, jonga ingqibelelo yokupakisha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayinakuqhekeka okanye ukungcola. Okwesibini, ukuba ukupakishwa kukwi-roll okanye kwifom yebhloko, kufuneka inqunywe kubude obufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yesigxina sokutywina, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiphetho eqingqiweyo igudile ukuphepha i-burrs enokuthi ichaphazele umphumo wokutywinwa. Ukupakishwa kwegraphite efakiweyo, qinisekisa ukuba umaleko ofakiweyo awuxoki okanye wonakaliswe. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukupholisa ukukhanya kunokwenziwa ukuphucula ukugqitywa kwendawo.
2. IiNdlela zokuPakisha kunye noLawulo lokuNxinzelela
Inkqubo yokupakisha yokupakisha igraphite ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokutywinwa. Ngexesha lokupakisha, umgaqo "we-layered compaction" kufuneka ulandelwe, ugcwalise imbobo yokutywina isangqa esinye ngexesha. Qinisekisa ukuba imiphetho esikiweyo yesangqa ngasinye igxadazele ngama-90℃-120℃ukwenza umqobo wokutywina oqhubekayo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-hook yokupakisha ezinikeleyo okanye isixhobo sokucofa ukunqanda ukunyanzeliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwesandla, okunokubangela ukungalingani kokupakisha.
Uxinzelelo yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokupakisha igraphite. Ukunyanzeliswa okugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekupakisheni ukuqina, ukunyuka kwe-friction, kunye nomonakalo kwindawo yokutywina; ukunyanzeliswa okunganeleyo kunokubangela ukuvuza ngokulula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kokuqala kokupakisha kufuneka kulawulwe kwi-15% -30% ye-axial clearance, kwaye ukupakisha kufuneka kulungiswe ngokuthe ngcembe kwinqanaba elichanekileyo usebenzisa i-gland. Kumatywina aguqukayo (anjengalawo akwishafti ezijikelezayo okanye iirods eziphindaphindayo), qinisa iibholithi zedlala izihlandlo ezininzi. Emva kokuqiniswa ngalunye, sebenzisa izixhobo kwaye ukhangele ukuvuza kuze kube yilapho isitywina esizinzile sifezekiswa.
3. Ukusebenza, uLondolozo, kunye nokuJonga iNgxaki
Ukupakishwa kwegraphite kunokufumana ukuvuza okuncinci ngexesha lokusebenza kokuqala. Oku kuqhelekile kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kunokupheliswa ngokuqinisa ngokuthe ngcembe idlala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuvuza kuyaqhubeka okanye kuya kuba mandundu, le miba ilandelayo kufuneka iphandwe:
I-1.I-Gland igxininiswe ngokugqithiseleyo okanye igxininiswe: Sebenzisa i-torque wrench ukulinganisa amandla okuqinisa i-bolt ukuze ugweme ukugxilwa kwengcinezelo yendawo.
2.Ukupakisha ukunxiba okanye ukuguga: Emva kokusebenza{1}}kwexesha elide, ukupakishwa kwegraphite kunokusilela ngenxa yokukhuhlana okanye ukubola kweekhemikhali kwaye kufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo.
3.Ukuhambelana kweMedia: Ukuba i-medium yokutywina iqulethe amasuntswana aqinileyo (afana ne-slurry okanye isanti), kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-carbon fiber{1}}i-graphite eyomeleziweyo okanye ukupakishwa kwe-composite kunye nezinto zokuthambisa ezongeziweyo.
Ngexesha lokugcinwa kwesiqhelo, jonga rhoqo inkqubo yokutywina ubushushu, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokuvuza. Ukuba ibhokisi yokupakisha ifunyaniswa ishushu (ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokukhuhlana okugqithisileyo), amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthambisa anokusetyenziswa (njengokutofa ioli encinci ye-silicone) okanye ukusebenzisa i-PTFE-i-graphite efakwe kwi-packing yokunciphisa i-coefficient ye-friction.
4. IiNgcebiso ngezicelo zeeMeko zokuSebenza eziZodwa
Ukupakishwa kweGraphite kufuna izilumkiso ezongezelelweyo xa zisetyenziswa kwiimeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo (ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, iindawo ezinokonakala kakhulu, okanye iimeko-bume zemitha yenyukliya):
•Ultra-high temperature environments (>600℃): Sebenzisa -ukusulungekiswa okwandisiweyo kwegraphite okanye isinyithi esihlanganisiweyo{2}}ukupakisha okufakwe ngaphakathi, kwaye ubandakanye isakhiwo sokupholisa.
•Kumajelo eendaba ezonakalisa kakhulu (ezifana neeasidi ezomeleleyo kunye neziseko): Ipakethe yegraphite efakwe kwi-PTFE okanye i-ceramic coating iyakhethwa ukongezwa kwekhemikhali.
•For high-pressure sealing (>30 MPa): Sebenzisa -umaleko ophezulu{2}}woxinaniso lwegraphite ukupakisha ngokudityaniswa nentsimbi yentsimbi ukutywina okuncedisayo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukupakishwa kwegraphite kunenzuzo ebalulekileyo yokusebenza, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa. Ngokukhethwa kwenzululwazi, ukuzaliswa okusemgangathweni, ukunyanzeliswa okufanelekileyo, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo, ubomi botywina bunokwandiswa kakhulu kwaye ukusebenza kwezixhobo kunokuqinisekiswa ngokukhuselekileyo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kucetyiswa ukuba udibanise iimeko ezithile zokusebenza kunye nokubonisana nabathengisi bezinto eziphathekayo okanye iingcali zokutywinwa xa kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwegrafu yokupakisha.
